For most of deep time, spreading ridges released more carbon than volcano chains, changing how we interpret Earth’s climate history.
In a groundbreaking study, scientists have revealed that supervolcanoes may erupt far more suddenly than previously thought—raising serious concerns about global volcanic risks. Researchers focused on ...
Volcanoes may look like simple mountains that erupted once and then fell silent, but in reality they are often the surface expression of complex processes happening deep underground. Magma can move, ...
This chapter summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations developed elsewhere in this report. Major conclusions are printed in italics and recommendations in bold. Basic research in the ...