Thin films are two-dimensional (2D) material layers deposited on a bulk substrate, possessing a thickness of a few nanometers to impart properties that cannot be realized by base materials. The unique ...

Accurately controlling film thickness and uniformity is extremely important for both throughput and performance in the automotive, aerospace, semiconductor, medical, and research industries. White ...

Biologically active films are crucial in the field of medical devices and sensors, where precision, reliability, and compatibility are essential. Films are usually comprised of biomaterials or ...