The following sections cover the basic concepts and technologies that underpin the construction and operation of an atomic force microscope. An atomic force microscope is optimized for measuring ...

This article serves as a basic introduction to the design and operation of an atomic force microscope. The following sections cover the basic concepts and technologies that help understand the ...

Let us consider a simple question for the moment: why does a modern commercial microscope body still look the same as a microscope body from a few hundred years ago? Apart from the fact that the ...

The techniques used in optical microscopy are important to ensure that a sample can be viewed as clearly as possible. This will provide information about its microscopic appearance. An optical ...